Wrench



[(MOdGl.)

G. W. PITTMAN. v

v WRENCH. V No. 286,842. Patented Oct. 16, 1883.

WITNESSES INVESTOR;

151? 0/0 BY v MN ATTORNEYS.

N PETERS. Pholmulhagnphcr. Wanhingtun. u. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

GRANVILLE V. PITTMAN, OF KEOKUK, IOYVA.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 286,842, dated October16, 1883.

Application filed January 20, i883. (Modeh) To all whom it may concernBe it known that I, GRANVILLE W. PITTMAN, of Keokuk, in the county ofLee and State of Iowa, have invented a new and Improved \Vrench, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to a wrench of improved construction adapted toall the uses of ordinary wrenches, combining a grip or hold for bothflat and round objects.

The invention consists in a wrench having a stock or handle recessedcentrally to receive the shank of the movable jaw, and also at its endfor the reception of grip devices for hold ing the movable jaw, saiddevices consisting of a pivoted lever having a cam-head to grip one edgeof the shank, and acting by its free end upon an angle-lever carryingratchet-teeth for engagement with serrations of the opposite edge of theshank, the long arm of the anglelever also working a pawl-block fittedto engage with or disengage from the serrations of the shanksimultaneously with the ratchet teeth on the long arm of theangle-lever,whereby the movable jaw will be held against undue slip whenunder strain.

The invention includes, also, a system of movable grip-blocks or bits ineither the fixed or movable jaw or both jaws of the wrench, for holdupon round objects, these bits working by rollers upon inclines tangentto the seats of the blocks in the jaws of the wrench, whereby any slipof the shank of the movable jaw from its lower cam and ratchet-grip connections in the handle will be compensated for by the movement of thebit-blocks when holding round objects, and for holding the latter moresecurely.

The invention includes, also, special constructions of parts of thewrench and combinations of the parts thereof, all as hereinafter fullydescribed and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a partly-sectional side view of my improved wrench with theside cap-plates removed. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on the line wm, Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a cross-section on line y y, Fig. 1.

A represents thehandle-stock of the wrench, recessed longitudinally toreceive by a sliding fit the shank b of the upper movable jaw, B, foraction with the lower jaw or j aws, A, formed at the head of the stockin gripping flat or round objects. The movable jaw B is held againstundue slip when under strain of use by lever, cam, and ratchet devicesacting in the end of stock A upon the end of shank b, such devicesconsisting of a hand-grasp lever, O, pivoted at c in its cam-shaped head0, and acting by its lower end or heel, preferably fitted with afriction-roller, 0, upon the lower short arm, d, of an angle-lever, l),pivoted at d; and the longer arm d of the lever has formed at its headand inner face the teeth or serrations d, to engage the teeth or notches2), formed upon the edge of shank b. A pcwlblock or dog, L, is looselyfitted to turn in a curved recess, Z, of the stock A, and carries one ormore teeth, Z, also adapted to engage with notches b. The dog L ispreferably forked over the head of arm (1 of lever (Z, but may otherwiseconnect with lever D, for operation thereby. A coil or other spring, D,is suita= bly held between the angle-lever and the stock, to thrusthand-grasp O outward and disengage the teeth (P Z from the teeth I) ofshank b. I prefer to cut away the shanks b at the edge opposite teeth I)at N, to avoid overwidening of the stock-handle, while accommodating thecam G therein, and to form a suitable gripface for said cam, anda'projec'tion or stud, b", to prevent disconnection of jaw B from thestock, when the wrench is held head downward, by contact of stud b withcam-head O.

I employ the gripping devices above described for tightening upon andholding the work whether the jaws A B are fitted for a square grip onlyor-for a round grip only, or for both square and round grips, whichlatter construction is shown in the drawings; and in any case the heador jaw B will be moved freely in the stock to clasp the work, when, onapplying power to the handle end of the stock, the projecting hand-grasplever G will be forced inward to close its cam head 0 against one edgeof the shank b, and simultaneously therewith engage teeth d Z with theteeth I) at the opposite edge of the shank, thus Ice gripping it to holdjaw B to the work without 2 ceases and finger, will permit spring D topromptly disengage the grip devices from the shank to release the jaw B;or the gripping devices may be released by the action of spring 1). V

The construction of the above described grip devices, while affordingafirm hold, permits a very slight slip of the upper jaw, B, which is attimes preferred in operation upon fiat work by a square grip; but ingripping round work such slip is objectionable, and to I 5 obviate this,and also to secure advantages of tighter grip inherent in themselves, Ifit the self-adjusting bits E F in the jaws A B, respectively, the jaw Abeing covered at its working-face on the square-grip side by a plate ofsteel, A slotted suitably for passage therethrough of shank b and thehead of bit E at the round-grip side, which plate A covers, also, thetop edge of the removable side casing, A of the wrench, as in Fig. 2,and ex- 2 5 tends down both ends of the jaw or jaws A,

to be fastened thereat by screws a a, Fig. 1. In this example Imake thebit E in two partsa base, 6, and a head, c-interposing between them asuitable spring, 0 here shown posio tioned u )on a win L3 of base 6 forholdin 1 7 7 0 head 6 slightly raised above basec, to yield underpressure before resting squarely on the base, the pin 6" of which mayenter head e, to

act with a shoulder, 0, within the central re- 5 cess of the head, tocause a spring, 1', fixed at one end to stock A, to thrust the entirebit E, head and base together, outward toward the end of the jaw. Thehead 0 may have a central concave gripping-surface, I and smallerconcave gripping-surfaces g at either side,

for holding large and small rounds, respectively, with the movable jawB. w

The seat H in the stock, on which the bit E and the friction-rollcrsrest, has the general 5 form of the are of a circle, struck, preferably,

from a vertical line passing through the cen-.

ter of bit E when in its normal forward position, or from a. point onthe section-line 00 m, Fig. l.

I propose to give the bit E, while holding and under strain and as itrises on its seat H in the direction of arrows to, a forward movementtoward the movable jaw B, (or its bit F when used,) to compensate forslip of jaw B 5 5 and for tighter grip; and to accomplish this I mayform inclines at a few points on seat H, rising in the direction ofarrow a, and interpose friction-rollers h between the are lower face ofbase 6 and seat H, to be driven up the tangential or curved inclines If,formed in or upon the seat H, and rising in direction of arrow a, sothat as the bit E moves in such di rection and against the tension ofspring i its grip-faces y will advance slightly toward jaw B or its bitF, the shoulders h of base e'and the shoulders h at the base of inclinesh" returning with rollers h to their normal position of Fig. 1 when thegrip is released, and the shoulders h drawing away from the rollers andthe rollers from shoulders h when the strain is applied, leaving therollers free to turn when moving up inclines 78" with minimum friction.

The movable bit E in the fixed jaw may alone be used to coact with anangular gripface of the movable jaw B; but to make the round hold. morecertain I fit the bit F, preferably having angular face i, in jaw B, tobe advanced toward bit E by inclines f of its seat G, usingfriction-rollers f, normally resting be tween shoulders f and f,respectively, of the jaw and bit, for projecting bit F in substantiallysimilar manner as bit E is moved when at work, the bit F being held tojaw B bypins k, passing through slots 76 of the bit, and fitted snuglyin holes in. the side and cover plates of the j aw.

In using the wrench for round holds, "the lower shank gripping devicesbeing disendrawn sufficiently to clasp the round pipe-bar or otherobject between the bits E F, the jaw B being then forced down (when. thetwo-part bit E is used) hard'enough to compress spring 0 and seat head asquarely on base 6, the re sistance of the spring serving to compressthe bit E on the object firmly enough to prevent a movement of the bitup the inclines of seat H until after the compression of grasp-lever Ohas secured the shank I) of jaw B to prevent its undue slip, as abovedescribed,whereupon, on turning the wrench-handle in the direction ofits arrow a the bit E (and F also when the latter is used) will move inthe direction of arrows a, causing one or both bits to be tightened onthe work by movement up or along the inclines with a forceproportionately increasing with the power applied.

As above intimated, the wren 011 may be made with either squared orround grip-jaws alone, and with square gripjaws only, making in thelatter case a substantial, easily-worked,

the bits E F (the former in either solid-or twopart construction) may beused in the round grip-jaws, as desired.

The outside face-plates, B, of the upper jaw and A of the lower jaw andstock are attached, preferably by screws on, in apertures 0, to permiteasy removal of the plates for access to the parts, and the range ofmovement of jaw B may be varied by lengthening the levers G D; but inpractice sufficient movement of j aw B will be had with lever O,proportioned for convenient and firm grasp of the hand.

Thus constructed, it is believed that my improved wrench has advantagesover other tools of this class in its quick adjustmentand certain holdon rounds, increasing with the power applied, and the wrench maybe madecheaply, is well calculated for durability, and will be found useful ina wide range of work.

gaged, as in Fig. 1, the movable jaw B is with-- and low-priced tool;and either one orboth of Having thus described my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, withthe toothed shank of the movable jaw of a wrenchadapted" to slide in the stock, of a pivoted hand-grasp 1ever, and anangle-lever pivoted in the stock and provided with teeth (1substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with the handle-stock A and the sliding shank I) ofthe movable jaw, of the pivoted hand-grasp lever 0, having camhead andthe pivoted angledever D, having teeth d for engaging teeth I) of theshank 11, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination, with the handlestock A and the toothed sliding shankb of the movable jaw, of the pivoted hand-grasp lever 0, having cam-headG, angle-lever D, pivotedin the-stock, and having teeth (1, and springD, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, with the handle-stock A and the toothed slidingshank b of the movable jaw, of the pivoted hand-grasp lever 0, havingcam-head C, angle-lever D, pivotedin the stock, and having teeth (1,spring D, and pawl-block L, substantially as described, and for thepurpose set forth.

5. The combination, with the toothed shank b of the sliding jaw and thestock A of the stationary jaw, of the pawl block L, fitted loosely in arecess in the stock and forked over the head of the angle-lever D,substantially as described, and for the purpose set 5 forth.

6. The combination, with the loose roundhold bit of a wrench-jaw, offriction-rollers mounted on inclines of the bit-seat, substantially asherein shown and described. 40

7. The combination, with a wrench-jaw, of a bit, E, made in two parts, 66, adapted to seat firmly upon each other, and having the interposedspring 6, substantially as shown and described. 8. The combination, withthe fixed jaw of a wrench, of a movable bit, E, for round holds, and theguide and cover-plates A A, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination, with the movable jaw of a wrench, of the bit F, heldon pins 70 and adapted to move 011 inclines of its seat, and rollers,substantially as shown and described.

10. The combination, with the jaw B and its bit F and rollers f, of thecover-plate B, substantially as shown and described.

11. The combination, with the jaws of a wrench, of two oppositely-placedround-hold bits, E F, and friction-rollers mounted (n inclines in thebit-seats, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination, with the gripping de-' vices O D D E, of thecover-plate A", substantially as shown and described.

GRANVILLE WARREN II'llMAN.

\Vitnesscs:

J. G. PARROTT, W. N. PARKER.

